Electrical Resistivity - Electrical resistivity is measured using several configurations appropriate for a wide variety of sample geometries including a standard Kelvin resistance bridge for bulk bar-shaped samples, a collinear 4-point probe for thin films and wafers, and Van der Pauw for measuring flat arbitrarily-shaped samples. Use of a cryostat allows measurements in a temperature range from -271°C (2K) to room temperature 21°C (294K), and a furnace allows measurements up to 500°C (773K).

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